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I have been working with students in Hsinchu since 2004. I help students who are eager to cultivate their language skills and expand their horizons with a wealth of hands-on experience and professional knowledge.

Monday, September 18, 2017

yet 的用法

學生下課問的問題

yet 出現在不同的句子中有不同意思。整理一下約有六種

(1).1 have+ p.p 表示尚未做 (相對於already)
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
He has finished his homework already.

(1).2  最高級+ yet This is the best yet..
The is the most beautiful scenery (I have seen in this country) yet.

(2) 片語have yet to V = haven’t Vpp 強調讓人吃驚/很糟的事情
He has yet to start his project.

(3) will + V + yet+ for 一段時間 (還會持續一陣子)
He will be angry for some time yet.

(4) may/could/can+ V yet  (還有….可能性)
You may win yet (even though you lost many points).
You may have a child yet (even though you are 50).  

另外,yet 也可當成but 或是however 來使用
(5) He is a rich man, [and] yet he walks to work.


(6) 強調跟more (better, worse), again, another 竟然/居然又

work, work and yet more work
He bought yet another car.
He quit yet again.

Sunday, June 11, 2017

English for Monday Blues: may的用法之一:表示心願和希望


(May your coffee be strong and your Monday be short)
生活有起有落,謝謝那些在我低落的時候拉我一把的朋友。


助動詞都是多義詞,所以學習時應該要注意語境(context)。
may 這個助動詞有兩種常見的情態語意(modality)。

I. 表示可能性(possibility) It may/might rain tomorrow.  明天可能會下雨 (我猜測)。這裡的might 可以出現在未來時間,因為是指可能性較低。

II. 表示義務性(obligation) You may leave now.  妳可以走了(我允許妳走了)

最後一個是表示
III.表示心願祝福 (wish/hope)。現在英文很少這樣用了,可是在固定片語中很常見。電影或小說中也很會使用這個特殊的意義來傳達正式古老的氛圍。

此時使用句型是 (1) may 一定要放在最前面 (2)  後面是動詞原型
May+ subject + V 原形動詞

最有名的應該就是星際大戰的台詞,以及禱告詞中。
May (=It is my hope/wish that) the force be with you.  願原力與你同在
May God be with you. 願上帝與你同在
May he rest in peace. 願他安息


Sunday, May 14, 2017

羅密歐與茱麗葉的一段台詞




(上面的gif是主角的對手,非主角)

上週本來很想分享一段茱麗葉的台詞,這出現在通靈少女中的第二集,主角要去甄選茱麗葉的角色的台詞。
但是太忙就擱下了。

班上學生叫我看通靈少女(The Teenage Psycho [sic.])。
因為他把psychic 說成 psycho,我還以為是驚悚片。
 psychic 是通靈者 psycho 是心理不正常的瘋子


文言文
Tis but thy name that is my enemy. 
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague. 
What’s Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot, Nor arm, nor face, 
nor any other part Belonging to a man. 
O, be some other name! 
What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other word would smell as sweet.

讀來應該不會完全看不懂,唯一很不同的是。莎士比亞時代英文的第二人稱代名詞you, 當主詞受詞和所有格時要變化。

thy=> your 所有格形容詞 
thyself=> yourself 反身代名詞 
thou=> you 主詞
thee => you 受詞 

thou 應該大家滿熟悉的。摩西十誡中,每個開頭都可以看到
thou shalt not kill/steal 汝等不可殺人偷竊

白話英文 Oh, Romeo, Romeo, why do you have to be Romeo?

Forget about your father and change your name. Or else, if you won’t change your name, just swear you love me and I’ll stop being a Capulet. JULIET (still not knowing ROMEO hears her) It’s only your name that’s my enemy. You’d still be yourself even if you stopped being a Montague. What’s a Montague anyway? It isn’t a hand, a foot, an arm, a face, or any other part of a man. Oh, be some other name! What does a name mean? The thing we call a rose would smell just as sweet if we called it by any other name. Romeo would be just as perfect even if he wasn’t called Romeo. Romeo, lose your name. Trade in your name—which really has nothing to do with you—and take all of me in exchange.


中文  羅密歐...羅密歐...
為何你偏偏是羅密歐 別認你的父親,放棄你的姓氏 你如果不依,只要發誓愛我,我就不姓茱 我只仇視你的姓氏,你不姓羅也無妨 "羅"算什麼,又不是手或腳,不是手臂或臉龐,也不是身體其他部分 就改姓別的吧,名字有什麼關係呢 玫瑰就算不叫玫瑰,還是一樣的香


文言文白話文:http://nfs.sparknotes.com/romeojuliet/page_78.html

中文:http://www.csie.ntnu.edu.tw/~swanky/data/RJ.htm

Sunday, May 7, 2017

English for Monday Blues: It's only four days till Friday. until 的用













(英文藝術字by Ingrid Hsiao 我美麗又有才華的好友)

It’s only four days till Friday. 還剩四天就星期五了
till=until 但是較口語親切

簡易版
(1) He did not go out (until/by) 10:00 this morning.
(2) He stayed (until/by) 10:00 this morning.
(3) He went out (until/by) 10: 00 this morning.

答案 (1) until (2) until (3) by  

解釋
not until 直到某個時刻才開始/結束動作,所以要接瞬間動詞
until 一直持續到某一個才停止,所以要接持續性動詞/或是一段時間。
by 在某個時間點前。通常和截止deadline日期息息相關

中級 改錯
(X) He walked until the school.
(O)He walked as far as the school.
解釋
因為until 只能用在時間,不能用在空間。

中高
We’ll stay until it ______ (stop) raining.  答案是
(A) is going to stop (B) has stopped (C)  will

解釋
(B)因為until 是時間副詞的一種,只能放現在式。
 現在完成式強調會持續到那一刻


Saturday, April 29, 2017

double up/down 的不同




最近常常聽到double down 這個片語
從川普到美聯,我都聽到這個片語。

Jimmy Kimmel 大快人心的影片,中提到:

1. United didn't admit they did anything wrong, if anything, they seemed to be doubling down on this.

這個字是從21 點的玩法來的(有很多常用的片語都是從賭博來的),賭客可以加倍賭注。可能是因為down 這個質詞 (particle)的認知感受,有傾注放手的感覺。在延伸用法跟兩倍這種準確的概念沒有太大關係,但有執迷(吃了秤砣鐵了心),瘋狂 (豁出去了)的意思。

上句翻成
1-1 美聯沒有任何認錯的意思,反而變本加厲了。

2.  Trump officials double down on wiretap charge /Fox News Video

2-2川普政府緊咬不放竊聽指控

3. “People on either side, the other side and this side, you double down  when you find conflict, it’s called the ‘Backfire Effect,’ it backfires, and you get more entrenched in your worldview,” he continued.
Source http://www.rawstory.com

3-3 人們都選邊站,當發現(事實和自己的認知)有衝突時,常常會變本加厲,這個叫做"逆火效應"。造成反效果,強化他們抱守殘缺的信念

相反地, double 加上 up , 所衍伸的意思比較理智。可能是up 向上 的概念,就是較困難的,要努力和安排的。也跟數字比較有關。

4. You need to double up with John. 你和約翰兩個人要住一間

5. You need to double up on your classes if you want to graduate on time. 要多修一倍的課,不然無法準時畢業了。


如果double up 是加倍努力,double down 不只兩倍,還有孤注一擲的意思,全力傾注。

double (up) as 當成動詞時,其實還有兼作(有兩個功能的意思)。記得IELTS 有一題口說要同學描述房間的樣子。很多人多說自己的房間還兼有書房的功能,大部分的人都說

6. My bedroom is also my study. 是沒有沒有錯。

但是如果說成

7. My bedroom also doubles as my study. 感覺立刻就傳神許多


其他有用的double 片語

-> double talk 兩種詮釋都說得過去。模糊焦點

-> double book 衝堂
e.g. I double booked my third period. 我第三節衝堂

-> double cross 兩邊都騙。黑吃黑,背叛

-> double trouble 雪上加霜

-> double over/up with laughter 笑彎腰

-> double-edged sword 兩面利刃/水可載舟亦可覆舟

-> double in brass (原指爵士樂團中大家都能玩兩種以上樂器)校長兼撞鐘
e.g. I used to work for a small company where everyone must double in brass.
我以前在一家小公司上班,大家都一人做兩個人的事。

測驗句子
Many doomsday preppers double _______ on their beliefs even if the day nver comes. They double _______ on their supplies for the secrete tunnel, which doubles as a shelter.

Thursday, April 20, 2017

你不了解我的明白 I can't imagine that



我想像的到,可能是因為"到"這個方位詞,因此在中文表達中有我懂了的意思。有些分析說當成補語,表示已經達到的那個狀況(在此不細究)。可是直接翻譯成英文I can imagine that ,沒有"到"這個字,並沒有我懂了的意思。

英文中的I can imagine that 這個句型後面接的是推論或是假設的狀況(scenario) ,後面常接if/或不甚肯定的口氣。來看一下 Linguee的例子

(1) We can imagine that even if these patients had not contracted SARS, the mortality rate would still be high. legco.gov.hk

我們可以想 像,這些病 患者即使不感染 SARS,死亡率也會很高,一旦染上傳染病引致 肺炎,死亡率便更高。 legco.gov.hk

(2) I can imagine that if we do not strongly challenge this divided electoral franchise, this divided electoral franchise will [...] legco.gov.hk

我可以想像,如果我們 不着實強 烈挑戰這個分割的選舉權,這分割的選舉權很容易為將來所謂普選特 首的模式鋪路。 legco.gov.hk

(3) After this incident, we can imagine that all world leaders would not consider nuclear power as a long-term and sustainable energy. legco.gov.hk

發生事故後,可以想像到,世 界上所有領袖也不會覺得核電是長久而可持續的能源。 legco.gov.hk


我了解了,在英文中用 I get the picture 就好.

I get the picture 這個慣用語的使用時機,通常是有一方漫無邊際地描述某個場景,試圖讓聽的人知道他想表達卻說不出來的意思。對方靠著線索和過去經驗,大概猜出想表達的意思。

下面是網路字典The Free Dictionary 的例句
A: 'He doesn't want her but he doesn't want anyone else to have her, you know?'
B: 'I get the picture.'

A: 他不想要她,但又不想要任何人得到她,你懂嗎?
B: 我懂。

英文中的picture 通常使用在了解/知道狀況的片語中。imagine 還在假想階段,可能還沒有到達互相了解的程度。

另一常用語, 隨時讓我了解狀況。

Put/Keep me in the ___________.
(A) imagination (B) picture (C) dark (D) mind


答案是(B)

Wednesday, April 12, 2017

It's hard to me/ for me? 哪個介係詞才對

? 同學問我  It's hard to me/ for me 哪個介係詞才對?

★ 我的想法是要看it 的意思,是虛主詞(dummy subject) 還是代名詞 (pronoun)。

  •  虛主詞+ is + 一般性評論形容詞+ (for/*to subject) + to V 不定詞補語

 評論性形容詞有easy/hard (difficult)/good/bad/nice 等等

這個句構中,若要補充主詞,就只能用for。其他介係詞都不行,就像被動句要加上主詞,就只能用by。

(1) It is hard [for Taiwanese to learn English].

因為it 是取代後面的不定詞補語(extraposed),相當一個非限定子句。所以也可以移到前面,如下

(2) [For Taiwanese to learn English] is hard.

加上to 是很不自然的

*(3) It is hard [to Taiwanese to learn English] 
*(4) [To Taiwanese to learn English] is hard. 

但是it seems/appears/sounds to me....就用to + 對象,因為是發表觀點的句子

當然我看到許多外國人在論壇發言,覺得It is hard to me to learn English. 也可以,但我覺得這裡的to me 是插入句,並不在句子結構裡=> It is hard, to me, to learn English.

(5) To me (=in my opinion), it is hard for Taiwanese to learn English. 
(6) It is hard, to me (=in my opinion),  for Taiwanese to learn English. 省略主詞
=> It is hard, to me (=in my opinion), to learn English.