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I have been working with students in Hsinchu since 2004. I help students who are eager to cultivate their language skills and expand their horizons with a wealth of hands-on experience and professional knowledge.

Sunday, April 2, 2017

談分詞/被動 (1) open/opened, welcome/welcomed, open/closed






描述狀態,英語中通常比較傾向用形容詞。除非真的找不到形容詞,才會利用衍生分詞方式來表達。請看下面:

hunger 可當成名詞,也可當成動詞
(1) …feasting while the poor hunger (Merriam-Webster 例子)
直譯:大開宴會當窮人挨餓時(類似朱門酒肉臭路有凍死骨)

這邊的hunger 當成動詞
可是我們描述窮人的狀態,不會有人說
(2) The poor are *hungering/hungered (除非要強調有人故意不讓你吃,但那並不是狀態描述而是被動意義了).

我還沒聽過有台灣英語學習者造出上面的句子,可能因為我們非常習慣hungry,對hunger 當動詞的用法很陌生。大家自然的都會說成,
(3) The poor are hungry.

但是另一個很類似的字starve 則沒有這樣的形容詞,我餓死了,英文要說成
(4) I am starved/ starving (ed ing 的選擇意思另外討論)

從上述例子可以解釋造成大家困擾的商店上的招牌open/closed
open 可以當成動詞,但是因為本身就可以當成形容詞,所以不需要用opened

*(5)The store is opened. 若大家還是堅持這是對的,請想想如果說出I am hungering/hungered 是甚麼感覺

正確的是

(6)  The store is open.

close的形容詞是near 靠近的意思,所以無法傳達關起來狀態意思,因此只能退而求其次,透過動詞衍生方式closed 來表達了。

 (7) The store is closed.

另外補充一個常見的例子,welcome
welcome 可當動詞/可當形容詞

(8) They welcomed the guests at the airport. 他們歡迎客人

但要客人很受到歡迎說welcome 就好了,不用ed 

不客氣
*(10) You are welcomed.

(11) You are welcome. 

這是Cambridge 的例句,做成考題大概會是這樣吧

I stopped the car when I realized that the door was ______.
(A) open (B) opened (C) opening 

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